Protected Area:  The local community initially protected this mountain and then in 1783, the local Mongolian government of the Qing Dynasty, legally declared it a protected site for its beauty.

Naturalist Explorer and “Interpretation Pioneer”: Humboldt inspired many scientists and naturalists and also appealed to the public. Holistic view of nature and culture.

Conservation Thinker: Marsh made the forceful case that man is on earth to borrow its natural resources and should always be responsible in how he proceeds.

Nature Tour: A precursor to Ecotourism.

Protected Area: 9 were created in that year. Stora Sjöfallet near the Arctic Circle was the largest at that time. Today it is Padjelanta. Both parks are now part of the WHS Laponia.

Interpretation: Became NAI in 1988.

Interpretation: Through interpretation, understanding; through understanding, appreciation; through appreciation, protection.

Indigenous Rights: Indigenous and Tribal Populations Convention. Later updated in 1989 as C-169.

Nature Tour: “Nick”Hetzer organized ecotours in Yucatan.

Sustainability: Using computer simulation it analyzes 3 scenarios, two of which lead to overshoot and collapse in the 21st century. Models revisited in 2004.

Sustainability: Natural resources are not expendable income, but capital. Nature’s resistance to pollution is limited Introduces the concept of “enoughness”.

Community-based: The Cofán are among the oldest surviving indigenous cultures in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

Ecotourism: “Ecotourism is that tourism that involves travelling to relatively undisturbed natural areas with the specific object of studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects (both past and present) found in these areas.” It was revised in 1993 and this definition was adopted by the IUCN in 1996.

Ecotourist: Produced for broadcast on PBS’s World of Audubon, The Environmental Tourist reviews the evolution of ecotourism and how it is developing in Kenya, Belize, and Montana as a tool for conservation of natural resources and if it can sustain the well-being of local people.

Ecotourism NGO: Since 2002, renamed as “Ecotourism Australia”.

Book: First book on how to do ecotourism published by TES.

Ecotourism NGO: First in Latin America.

Event: Held at Maho Bay, organized by TES.

Certification: First international ecotourism certification program. Since 2003, renamed ECO Certification Australia.

Ecotourism NGO: Since 2006, renamed “Ecotourism Kenya”.

Ecotourism NGO: Now called Naturturismforetagen (Nature Tourism Companies).

Community-based Ecotourism: Protecting the forest habitat, wildlife and biodiversity of the Lower Kinabatangan while preserving the livelihood of the local population. Ecotourism Co-operative (KOPEL), eco-tourism community based cooperative created in 2003. Tungog Ecocamp opens in 2009.

Certification: Official Launch of the first Sustainable Tourism Certification Programme in Latin America.

Certification: First sustainability label for nature-based experiences in Europe created by the Swedish Ecotourism Association and Visit Sweden.

Certification: Network of regional tourism certification organizations start discussing certification.

Certification: A coalition of 32 partners, initiated by the Rainforest Alliance, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Foundation, and the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). This was the basis for the GSTC.

Climate Change: This was predicted.

Certification: Requirements specifiy the environmental, social and economic requirements for implementing a sustainability management system in tourist accommodation.